1 Ağustos 2010 Pazar

Math operators

Math operators


Proton PIC Basic V3.0
To ensure the operations are carried out in the correct order use parenthesis to group the
operations:


 A = ((B - C) * (D + E)) / F 



+ Adds variables and/or constants.
- Subtracts variables and/or constants.
* Multiplies variables and/or constants.
** Returns the high 16 bits of a 16-bit multiply result.
*/ Returns the middle 16 bits of a 16-bit multiply result.
/ Divides variables and/or constants.
// Modulus; returns the remainder left after a dividing one value by another.
& Bitwise AND.
| Bitwise OR.
^ Bitwise XOR.
~ Bitwise NOT A = ~B ( (complement) inverts the bit(s) of a number)
<< Shifts the bits of a value left a specified number of places.
>> Shifts the bits of a value right a specified number of places.
ABS Returns the absolute value of a number.
ACOS Returns the ARC COSINE of a value in RADIANS.
ASIN Returns the ARC SINE of a value in RADIANS.
ATAN Returns the ARC TANGENT of a value in RADIANS.
COS Returns the COSINE of a value in RADIANS.
DCD 2 n -power decoder of a four-bit value.
DIG Returns the specified decimal digit of a positive value.
EXP Deduce the exponential function of a value.
LOG Returns the NATURAL LOG of a value.
LOG10  Returns the LOG of a value.
MAX Returns the maximum of two numbers.
MIN Returns the minimum of two numbers.
NCD Priority encoder of a 16-bit value.
POW Computes variable to the power of pow variable.
REV Reverses the order of the lowest bits in a value.
SIN Returns the SINE of a value in RADIANS.
SQR Returns the SQUARE ROOT of a value.
TAN Returns the TANGENT of a value in RADIANS.
DIV32 15-bit x 31-bit divide. (For PBP compatibility only)



Boolean logic operators

Logic operators (Boolean functions) can be used to test the results from more than one comparison to TRUE or FALSE,
the result can be used to make a decision concerning the running program.
AND 
OR
XOR Exclusive OR
NOT Inverts the outcome of a condition (TRUE becomes FALSE, FALSE becomes TRUE)



Relational operators

Relational operators are used to compare two values, the result can be used to make a decision regarding program flow.

= Equal to
== Equal to (same as =)
lt;gt; Unequal to
!= Unequal to (same as ;)
lt; Smaller than
gt; Greater than
lt;=  Smaller than or equal to (Note: <= is correct, =< is incorrect!)
gt;= Greater than or equal to (Note: >= is correct, => is incorrect!)

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İzleyiciler

LED DİRENÇ HESAPLAMA

All LEDs require current limiting, without a current limiting mechanism the LED will usually burn out in under a second. Adding a simple resistor is the easiest way to limit the current. Use the calculator below to find out the value of resistor you require.

For example if you are wanting to power one of our_blank">red LEDs in an automotive application you would see that the typical forward voltage is 2.0 Volts and the maximum continuous forward current is 30mA. Therefore you would enter 14.5, 2.0 and 30 into the Single LED calculation box. After calculating you get 470ohm 1 watt as the result. Here is a that allows you to enter a resistor value and generate the corresponding color code.

Note: For automotive applications use the actual system voltage, not 12 Volts. Most 12 Volt system actually operate at around 14.5 Volts.

Supply Voltage
VOLTS
Voltage Drop Across LED
VOLTS
Desired LED Current
MILLIAMPS



Calculated Limiting Resistor
OHMS
Nearest higher rated 10% resistor

Calculated Resistor Wattage
WATTS
Safe pick is a resistor with
power rating of (common values are .25W, .5W, and 1W)
WATTS

LEDs in series

Several leds in series with one resistor
Supply Voltage
VOLTS
Voltage Drop Across LED
VOLTS
Desired LED Current
MILLIAMPS
How many LEDs connected




Calculated Limiting Resistor
OHMS
Nearest higher rated 10% resistor

Calculated Resistor Wattage
WATTS
Safe pick is a resistor with
power rating of (common values are .25W, .5W, and 1W)
WATTS
LM317 UYGULAMA DEVRELERİ HESAPLAMASI

 




Çıkış Voltajı
R1 resistor

R2 resistor

R1 resistor
R2 resistor

Çıkış Voltajı


Lm317 uygulama devreleri ve detayli bilgiye Buradan ulasabilirsiniz

LM555 - ASTABLE OSCILLATOR CALCULATOR

LM555 - ASTABLE OSCILLATOR CALCULATOR
Value Of R1 Ohms Value Of R2 Ohms
Value Of C1 Microfarads
Output Time HIGH SECONDS Output Time LOW SECONDS Output Period HIGH + LOW SECONDS Output Frequency HERTZ Output Duty Cycle PERCENT
Resistor values are in Ohms (1K = 1000) - Capacitor values are in Microfarads (1uF = 1)

NOTE: The leakage currents of electrolytic capacitors will affect the actual output results of the timers. To compensate for leakage it is often better to use a higher value capacitor and lower value resistances in the timer circuits.

LM555 Astable Oscillator Circuit Diagram


LM555 - ASTABLE CAPACITOR CALCULATOR

The next calculator can find the capacitance needed for a particular output frequency if the values of R1 and R2 are known.

Value Of R1 Ohms Value Of R2 Ohms
Frequency Desired Hertz
Capacitance uF
s

VOLT AMPER OHM ve WATT HESAPLAMA

Current:
kA (kiloamps) A (amps) mA (milliamps) µA (microamps)
Voltage:
kV (kilovolts) V (volts) mV (millivolts) µV (microvolts)