Çağımızın en önemli olaylarından biri bu teknolojiyi geliştirenler halkın kullanımına sunmalarından kaynaklanan ve kullanımı oldukça çeşitli alanlara giren bir uygulama bulması az bir elektronik bilgisi olan ve eli alet tutmaya becerikli olan bu işi biraz gayretle yapabilir
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All LEDs require current limiting, without a current limiting mechanism the LED will usually burn out in under a second. Adding a simple resistor is the easiest way to limit the current. Use the calculator below to find out the value of resistor you require.
For example if you are wanting to power one of our_blank">red LEDs in an automotive application you would see that the typical forward voltage is 2.0 Volts and the maximum continuous forward current is 30mA. Therefore you would enter 14.5, 2.0 and 30 into the Single LED calculation box. After calculating you get 470ohm 1 watt as the result. Here is a that allows you to enter a resistor value and generate the corresponding color code.
Note: For automotive applications use the actual system voltage, not 12 Volts. Most 12 Volt system actually operate at around 14.5 Volts.
NOTE: The leakage currents of electrolytic capacitors will affect the actual output results of the timers. To compensate for leakage it is often better to use a higher value capacitor and lower value resistances in the timer circuits.
The next calculator can find the capacitance needed for a particular output frequency if the values of R1 and R2 are known.
| Value Of R1 Ohms | Value Of R2 Ohms |
| Frequency Desired Hertz |
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